Improved process of uniting iron and steel with copper, brass



' UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.

RICHARD SAVARY, OE PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF ANDROBERT C. TOTTEN, OF SAME PLACE. j

IMPROVED PROCESS OF UNll'lNG IRON AND STEEL WITH COPPER, BRASS, dc.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 39,531, dated August11, 1863.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD SAVARY, of the city of Pittsburg, in thecounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new anduseful Process for Uniting Iron or Steel with Copper or its Alloys and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof.

My invention consists in uniting iron, in any of its various conditionsof cast-iron, wroughtiron, or steel, with copper, brass, gun-metal,bronze, or any other of the various alloys having copper as their base,in such a manner as that these dissimilar metals-via, iron and copper,or the alloys ofcopper-shall be so blended or incorporated at theirsurfaces of contact and union as thatthey shall,when united, form onesolid piece and yet each preserve its peculiar and distinguishingcharacteristics.

This discovery, which will prove in various ways very useful in thearts, has been hitherto either entirely unknown or has failed ofsuccessful practical application.

My invention is distinguished from the uniting of two pieces ofmetal, onthe one hand, and from bronzing metals with a thin film of copper,brass, or bronze on the other, as it consists in uniting wrought-iron,cast -iron, or steel with a solid piece of copper, brass, or bronze,&c., in a solid mass, so that they will beno more liable to separate byfracture or lamination at the point of contact of the two metals than atany other part of the mass thus formed. 7

To enable others skilled in the art to make use of my invention, 1 willproceed to describe the process by which I acccomplish the result whichI have described. In doing this I will first explain the mode ofunitinga solid piece of brass with cast-iron.

The piece of brass-as, for instance, a journal-box for shaft or otherpiece of machineryis cast, swaged, or otherwise shaped into therequisite conformation, and is then placed in a flask or mold with thesurface to be united to the iron left exposed. This surface is firstcleaned with muriatic acid andis'then smeared over with a paste composedof the following ingredients, vizz- Borax is melted and then allowed tocool, after which it is pulverized. Of this calcined-borax powder I takethirtyfive parts and add to it seven parts of salammoniac, eight partsof arsenic, twentyfive parts of cast-iron filings, and twenty-five partscopper filings, making together one hundred parts. These ingredients,when mixed, are made into a paste of the consistence of thick molasseswith a little water. The paste thus made is applied, as before stated,to the surface of the brass, and the melted iron is then poured into themold, where it forms a close union with the surface of the brass bymeans of the paste,which serves as a flux. The melted iron ought not tobe hotter than is requisite to make a good casting when it is pouredinto the mold.

If the piece of brass is of such size as not to become immediately orvery rapidly heated by the melted iron, it is better to heat it beforeputting it into the mold, so that the melted iron may not be chilled onthe surf-ace which If it is inconis to be united to the brass. venientthus to heat the brass before inserting-itinto the mold, the same resultmaybe attained by having a gate or passage in the mold,'in addition tothat through which the melted metal is poured. This extra passagebeingleft open for some time, the metal is althat the piece ofwrought-iron or steel, previously heated and its surface cleaned withacid, is placed in the mold and the copper or brass is melted and castonto it, the surface of the iron or steel to which the copper or 3brass, &c., is to be united being first smeared with the flexing-pastebefore described.

When copper is to be united to iron the paste may be composed ofcalcined and powdered hora-x, sal-ammoniac, and brass filings,

omittingthe other ingredients; but when brass. or other alloy of copperis to be united to the iron the paste, composed as first stated, shouldbe employed.

Although not necessary so to do, I find it an advantage to add to theingredients forming the fluxing-paste a little sulphur-st of antimonywhen brass or any of the alloys of copper are to be united with iron.

Pulverized flint-glass or lime-glass may be used, if preferred, in placeof the calcined lorax, or a little glass may be added to the borax.Other substancesmay be used in place of those named to compose thefluXing-paste havingthe same chemical qualities; but those Ihave namedwill be found efficient for the purpose hereinbefore described.

' My invention will be found to be of great practical utility in themechanical arts. Parts of machinery which before were made of solidbrass or copper may now be made of iron faced with brass or copper,thus, saving a great ex-l pense in the construction of machinery--as,for instance, journal boxes may be made of cast-iron faced in thejournal-seat with brass. The interior of the cylinder of pumps andsteam-engines may be made of iron faced or whatI claim as my invention,and desire to sev cure by Letters Patent, is--Unitingpiecesofiron,whethercast,wrought,

or steel, with copper, brass, bronze, or other alloys of copper, bycasting one metal onto a solid piece of the other, havinginterposedbetween the surtaces to be thns uniteda tlux composed of theingredientshereinbet'ore described or their equivalents.

In testimony whereof I, the said RICHARD SAVARY, have hereunto set myhand.

RICHARD SAVARY. Witnesses:

A. S. NIcHoLsoN, W. BAKEWELL.

